/System/Library/CoreServices/SecurityAgentPlugins/loginwindow.bundle/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow
loginwindow starts before user logs into the computer, and is responsible for displaying the login screen (or not, if autologin is set), validating login attempts, and setting up the user environment (launching the Finder, Dock, any login apps, etc) at login. It also acts as a process monitor for user processes, restarts the Finder or Dock if they crash, and implements the Force Quit Applications window. Finally, it handles the logout, restart, and shutdown procedures.
/System/Library/CoreServices/loginwindow.app/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow
loginwindow is the process that handles user login during startup, starts the Finder and Dock, and continues to run to handle Force Quit events, logouts, system error messages, and other system events.
/System/Library/CoreServices/ManagedClient.app/Contents/PlugIns/loginwindow.profileDomainPlugin/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow
The binary is a part of loginwindow application.